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The educational system in Russia and in Great Britain
Now this theme is very up-to-date because one day every child has to go to school to become clever and well-educated. Growing up we began thinking about our future life and what type of school would be better for us. I am fond of learning languages especially English. One day the question was set for me where to go to study: to continue my education in Russia or to go abroad in Great Britain. To decide it I need to find out and compare these two educational systems.
Educational system in Great Britain: The modern system of education consists of early childhood education, primary education, secondary education, higher education. Across the country a free public education for all children exists. Children aged from 5 to 16 years are included. The duration of the school year is 38 weeks. The year is divided into trimesters, which are separated by vacation: summer (6 weeks), Christmas and Easter (2-3 weeks). A week break is provided in the mid-trimester. The working week lasts for 5 days. The school day lasts from 9:00 to 15:30 with a lunch break and morning prayers. Schools which are paid are private ones which are free are called public. In the UK there are two types of schools: grammar and combined. The most widespread type is combined school. They take the primary school graduates with different levels of mental abilities. They were organized with the aim of creating equal opportunities for education. In grammar schools the child receives a general upper secondary education. The basis of teaching in these schools, the principle of differentiated curriculum. High School is completed by passing the exam GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education).
The educational system in Russia: Today’s educational system in Russia is federal, centralized. Currently, it consists of: pre-school education, primary education, secondary education within 5 years, full secondary education, higher education. Formal education is from 7 to 18 years. The duration of the school year is 34 weeks. Students are trained 5-6 days a week. In Russia, many types of secondary schools (f. e. common schools, lyceums, gymnasiums) and the variety of educational programs. In Russia, as in the UK private and public schools exist. Basic education lasts for 9 years (9 classes). It is completed by passing the exam "GIA" (State Final Attestation). After finishing 9 classes students receive an incomplete secondary education. At the end of the 11th form students pass the exam "RSE"(Russian State Exam) in order to get the certificate of finishing school.
Conclusion: All in all, I conducted the comparative analysis of my research in these systems of education and made a conclusion of the differences. They are: the grades of education; the duration of the year; the types of school; the specification of studying programs; the age of students; types of passing exams.

Система образования в России и Великобритании
Теперь эта тема очень актуальна, потому что каждый день каждый ребенок должен ходить в школу, чтобы стать умным и образованным. Поднявшись, мы начали думать о нашей будущей жизни и о том, какая школа будет лучше для нас. Я люблю изучать языки, особенно английский. Однажды мне задали вопрос, куда идти учиться: продолжить мое образование в России или выехать за границу в Великобританию. Чтобы решить это, мне нужно выяснить и сравнить эти две образовательные системы.
Система образования в Великобритании: современная система образования состоит из дошкольного образования, начального образования, среднего образования, высшего образования. По всей стране существует бесплатное государственное образование для всех детей. Включены дети в возрасте от 5 до 16 лет. Продолжительность учебного года составляет 38 недель. Год делится на триместры, которые отделяются каникулами: лето (6 недель), Рождество и Пасха (2-3 недели). В середине триместра предусмотрен недельный перерыв. Рабочая неделя длится 5 дней. Школьный день длится с 9:00 до 15:30 с обеденным перерывом и утренней молитвой. Школы, которые оплачиваются, являются частными, которые бесплатны, называются публичными. В Великобритании существуют два типа школ: грамматика и комбинированные. Наиболее распространенным типом является объединенная школа. Они берут выпускников начальной школы с различными уровнями умственных способностей. Они были организованы с целью создания равных возможностей для образования. В гимназиях ребенок получает общее среднее образование. Основа обучения в этих школах - принцип дифференцированной учебной программы. Средняя школа завершается сдачей экзамена GCSE (Общий сертификат о среднем образовании).
Система образования в России: современная система образования в России является федеральной, централизованной. В настоящее время он включает: дошкольное образование, начальное образование, среднее образование в течение 5 лет, полное среднее образование, высшее образование. Формальное образование составляет от 7 до 18 лет. Продолжительность учебного года составляет 34 недели. Студенты обучаются 5-6 дней в неделю. В России много типов средних школ (например, общеобразовательные школы, лицеи, гимназии) и различные образовательные программы. В России, как и в Великобритании, существуют частные и государственные школы. Основное образование длится 9 лет (9 классов). Завершается сдача экзамена «GIA» (государственная финальная аттестация). После окончания 9 классов студенты получают неполное среднее образование. В конце 11-го класса студенты сдают экзамен «RSE» (Российский государственный экзамен), чтобы получить сертификат окончания школы.
Заключение: В целом, я провел сравнительный анализ моих исследований в этих системах образования и сделал вывод о различиях. Это: образование; продолжительность года; типы школ; спецификация учебных программ; возраст студентов; типы сдачи экзаменов.

1 Choose the correct words.
1 We have much / a lot of / a little students at our school this year.
2 A few / Any / A little friends are coming to dinner this evening.
3 I haven’t got some / much / many time before I catch the train.
4 Do you like some / much / any of the songs on their new album?
5 Terry can speak a few / a little / much Greek.
6 I hope you like black coffee. There isn’t many / some / any milk!
7 I haven’t seen much / many / a few films this year. Have you?

2 Complete the sentences. Use a, the or – (no article).
1 Do you want to speak to Mum? She’s in ______ kitchen.
2 ______ fast cars can be dangerous.
3 There’s a barn and a small house at the end of the lane. Freya lives in ______ house.
4 There’s ______ beautiful lake near our house.
5 Did you see ______ Queen on TV last night?
6 Bella’s dad is ______ teacher at our school.
7 We don’t buy a lot of food from ______ shop in the village.
3. Write affirmative () or negative () sentences or questions (?) with the correct form of there is or there are.
1  a lot of young people / in the village ____________________
2? much pollution / in the city centre ____________________
3  a lot of monuments / in my city ____________________
4  any space / in the car park ____________________
5? any cinemas / in your town ____________________
6  a lot of traffic / on Friday afternoons ____________________
5 Complete the sentences with the words below. There are two words you do not need.
ban crops economy farmyard law plough respect wheat
1 Fox hunting was important to the rural ____________. It created jobs.
2 The hunt sometimes went across farmers’ fields and damaged the ____________.
3 We must ____________ nature and try to protect the environment.
4 The farm welcomes tourists, and children can see the animals in the ____________.
5 My grandfather grows ____________ for the bakeries in town.
6 Many people in the countryside didn’t want the government to ____________ hunting.
6 Choose the correct words.
1 Drive at / through / over the gate and you will see the main road.
2 He turned in / – / up left.
3 Turn in / to / onto Churchill Road.
4 She was walking at / straight / along Queen Street.
5 Go past / on / after the supermarket.
6 Just follow / along / across the lane towards the café and you’ll see the postbox.

A lot of
a few
much
any
a little
any
many
2 the
-
the
a
the
a
the
3 There are a lot of young people in the village.
Is there much pollution in the city centre?
There are a lot of monuments in my city.
There isn’t any space in the car park.
Are there any cinemas in your town?
There is a lot of traffic on Friday afternoons.
5 1 economy
2 crops
3 respect
4 farmyard
5 wheat
6 ban

6 through
-
to
along
past
along

Complete the sentences with the correct words in the box.
halls studio festivals office libraries stage studios gallery
1. Get your tickets for the show online or at the box.
2. We always go to several open-air music. in the summer.
3. Sometimes you can join the audience in a. for the recording of a programme.
4. There’s a new exhibition at the art. in town.
5. Unfortunately, a lot of public. are closing these days.
6. Artists’. often have lots of windows because of the light they let into the rooms.
7. One of the best concert. in the world is in Vienna.
8. One of my best memories is seeing the band Mumford &Sons live on.

1. Получите свои билеты на показ онлайн или на коробке.
2. Мы всегда ходим на несколько ночных клубов под открытым небом. Летом.
3. Иногда вы можете присоединиться к аудитории в. Для записи программы.
4. В городе есть новая выставка. В городе.
5. К сожалению, многие общественные. Закрываются в эти дни.
6. Архисты. Часто имеют много окон из-за света, который они пропускают в комнаты.
7. Один из лучших концертов. В мире находится в Вене.
8. Одна из моих лучших воспоминаний показывает, что группа Mumford & Sons живет на.

перевести

The over-all picture is winter
icy mountains
in the background the return
from the hunt it is toward evening
from the left
sturdy hunters lead in
their pack the inn-sign
hanging from a
broken hinge is a stag a crucifix
between his anthers the cold
inn yard is
deserted but for a huge bonfire
that flares wind-driven tended by
women who cluster
about it to the right beyond
the hill is a pattern of skaters
Brueghel the painter
concerned with it all has chosen
a winter-struck bush for his
foreground to
complete the picture

Общая картина - зима
ледяные горы
в фоновом режиме возвращение
от охоты до вечера
слева
крепкие охотники
их пакет - знак гостиницы
висит от
сломанный шарнир - олень распятие
между его пыльниками холод
внутренний двор
пустынный, но для огромного костра
которые вспыхивают ветром, как правило,
женщин, которые группируются
об этом справа
холм - образец фигуристов
Брейгель художник
все это выбрало
зимний куст для его
на переднем плане
завершить изображение

B – Use IF or IN CASE to complete these sentences:
1. You should always have home insurance _________ anything bad happens.
2. __________ you start helping me tidy up the house, I may help you with your review.
3. I avoid using unnecessary features in my mobile phone ________ the battery gets discharged.
4. You should spend time with your kids ______ you really love them.
5. You don’t have to keep the present ______ you don’t like it.
6. We must always read the instructions before we start ______ we don’t want to have problems.
7. I always take an umbrella ________ it rains.
I’ll open the umbrella _________ it rains.
8. She’ll buy some chicken this morning __________ her sister stays to lunch.
9. ______ Josh comes, I’ll buy a bottle of wine.
C -The sentences below are about the future. Fill in the gaps with these
words/expressions as soon as, when, before, after, until, unless, as in the
model:

1The fridge is empty! You must do the shopping ___________ you start cooking dinner.
2Your children won’t learn to be independent __________ you let them go out on their
own.
3She’ll call us to give us her address _______________she finds a flat to rent.
4You should put on your winter coat ______________ you go out. It’s freezing outside!
5___________ we make a decision, we’ll let them know about our wedding date.
6Their friends will visit them __________
пожайлуйста!

Use IF or IN CASE to complete these sentences:
1. You should always have home insurance _if_ anything bad happens. 2. _if_ you start helping me tidy up the house, I may help you with your review. 3. I avoid using unnecessary features in my mobile phone ____in case____ the battery gets discharged. 4. You should spend time with your kids _ if _ you really love them. 5. You don’t have to keep the present _in case  you don’t like it. 6. We must always read the instructions before we start __ if __ we don’t want to have problems. 7. I always take an umbrella __ if  __ it rains. I’ll open the umbrella __ if _ it rains. 8. She’ll buy some chicken this morning _ if __ her sister stays to lunch. 9. _if Josh comes, I’ll buy a bottle of wine. 
C -The sentences below are about the future. Fill in the gaps with thesewords/expressions as soon as, when, before, after, until, unless, as in the model:1The fridge is empty! You must do the shopping _ before _ you start cooking dinner. 2Your children won’t learn to be independent __ unless __ you let them go out on their own. 3She’ll call us to give us her address _as soon as __she finds a flat to rent. 4You should put on your winter coat __ when _ you go out. It’s freezing outside! 5__as soon as we make a decision, we’ll let them know about our wedding date. 6Their friends will visit them _ after  ___

Fill in the correct form

__________ you ever __________ (play) Angry Birds? Yes, ___________
The baby __________________ (not/fall) asleep yet. What’s the matter?
He ____________________ (skateboard) ever since he was 5 years old.
My parents ____________________ (not/keep) all my school books since first grade but they ______________ (frame) every single painting!
_________ he _____________ (finish) making the pizza yet? No, He _______________.
How long _________ Lady Gaga _______________ (be) famous?
We __________ never __________ (try) Chinese food. __________ you?
________ your brother ever __________ (eat) sushi? Yes, he __________.
I _________ already _____________ (complete) my English homework.
My family and I ____________________ (already/visit) many Greek islands.
My Cousin in England ____________________ (not/be) to even one island yet.
_______ you __________ (have) dinner yet? Yes, I ___________.
_______ you ever _____________ (fly) in a helicopter? No, I ____________.
Psy ___________ always ___________(want) to become known all over the world.
__________ your friends ____________ (recently/watch) The Big Bang Theory? No, they _____________.
My dad ________ just __________ (read) a 1000 page book! Wow!
My brother and I ________never ___________ (ride) on the streets. We use the bike lanes.
Many athletes __________ never ___________ (win) a medal, although they __________ (train) for years to become Olympic champions.
They ____________ (not/play) beach volley yet today, but they ______________
(ride) their bikes.
We __________ just ______________ (return) from a trip to the
nearby caves.

Have you ever played Angry Birds?Yes, I have.
The baby hasn’t fallen asleep yet. What’s the matter?
He hasn’t skateboarded ever since he was 5 years old.
My parents haven’t kept all my school books since first grade but they have framed every single painting.
Has he finished making the pizza yet?No, he hasn’t.
How long has Lady Gaga been famous?
We have never tried Chinese food. Have you?
Has your brother ever eaten sushi?Yes, he has.
I have already completed my English homework.
My family and I have already visited many Greek islands.
My cousin in England hasn’t been to even one island yet.
Have you had dinner yet?Yes, I have.
Have you ever flied in a helicopter?No, I haven’t.
Psy has always wanted to become known all over the world.
Have  your friends recently watched the Big Bang Theory?No, they haven’t.
My dad has just read a 1000 page book. Wow!
My brother and I have never ridden on the streets. We use the bike lanes.
Many athlets have never won a medal, although they have trained for years to become Olympic champions.
They haven’t played beach volley yet but they have ridden their bikes.
We haven’t just returned from a trip to the nearby caves.

1. Complete the sentences with verbs in brackets in the infinitive or -ing form.
1 Olivia is helping. children at her local school (teach).
2 Larry is preparing. his driving test tomorrow. We all hope he’ll pass. (take)
3 Pete is learning. French- so he can talk to his new customers
in Paris. (speak)
4 Fiona and Chris enjoy. tennis at the club. (play)
5 Steve goes. at the new pool every Saturday afternoon. (swim)
6 Dave pretends. classical music, but he hates it really. (like)
7 Doreen’s house is always perfect. She does some. before work every day.(clean)

1 Olivia is helping children to teach at her local school. 
2 Larry is preparing to take his driving test tomorrow
3 Pete is learning to speak French so he can talk to his new customers in Paris
4 Fiona and Chris enjoy playing tennis at the club. 
5 Steve goes swimming at the new pool every Saturday afternoon
6 Dave pretends to like classical music, but he hates it really
7 She does some cleaning before work every day.

1. Olivia is helping to teach children at her local school. 
2. Larry is preparing to take his driving test tomorrow. We all hope he’ll pass.
3. Pete is learning to speak French - so he can talk to his new customers in Paris.
4. Fiona and Chris enjoy playing tennis at the club.  
5. Steve goes swimming at the new pool every Saturday afternoon. 
6. Dave pretends to like classical music, but he hates it really.  
7. Doreen’s house is always perfect. She does some cleaning before work every day.

3. Complete each sentence so it means the same as the sentence above it, Use an -ing form or an infinitive.
0 Christa likes swimming and ice-skating. She prefers the second activity.
Christa prefers. ……
1 The driver was tired and felt like having a break. So he stopped driving.
The driver stopped driving. a break.
2 Lucia was feeling very unhappy. She pretended she wasn’t unhappy.
Lucia pretended. unhappy.
3 Karel is called ’Daddy’ by his stepdaughter. He likes it.
Karel likes.’Daddy’ by his stepdaughter.
4 We went to Disneyland when I was young. I’ll never forget it.
I’ll never forget. to Disneyland when I was young.
4 Brad had taken the money from the shop. He admitted it.
Brad admitted. the money from the shop.
5 We will have finished building the house by March. Well, that’s the plan!
We plan. building the house by March.
6 I heard what they were saying. I couldn’t help it.
I couldn’t help. what they were saying.
7 Jan’s brother suggested that she went on holiday with him. She didn’t agree.
Jan didn’t agree. with her brother.

0 Christa prefers to ice-skate.
1 The driver stopped driving to have a break.
2 Lucia pretended to be unhappy.
3 Karel likes being called ’Daddy’ by his stepdaughter.
4 I’ll never forget going to Disneyland when I was young.
4 Brad admitted taking / having taken the money from the shop.
5 We plan to have finished building the house by March.
6 I couldn’t help hearing what they were saying.
7 Jan didn’t agree to go on holiday with her brother.

Переведите письменно текст:
THE ROLE OF THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIAL VALUES
Man’s conscious labor and his first tools marked the beginning of the establishment of human society. Human beings embarked upon an entirely new way of life, unlike the life led by animals. Animal can only make use of those benefits which nature provides for them. Labor freed man from this complete dependence upon nature.
With the aid of his new tools the man was able to get benefits to nature that were formerly inaccessible to him. He was also able to change these natural benefits and to make them more useful to himself. Tools of stone and wood made it possible for primitive man to considerably extend his use of material values.
Man began to kill large, strong animals and thus added quantities of nourishing meat products to his diet. He learned to work the skins of animals and used them to protect his body from the cold. Man also used his tools to build shelters. It was the production of material values that became the basis of life in human society.

Разумный труд человека и его первые инструменты означали начало создания человеческого общества. Люди вступили в совершенно новый образ жизни, в отличие от жизни животных. Животные могут использовать только те преимущества, которые природа предоставляет им. Труд освободил человека от этой полной зависимости от природы. С помощью его новых инструментов человек смог получить выгоду от природы, которая ранее была недоступна ему. Инструменты из камня и дерева позволили первобытному человеку значительно расширить его использование материальных ценностей. Человек начал убивать крупных, сильных животных и, таким образом, добавлял в свой рацион количество питательных мясных продуктов. Он научился работать на коже животных и использовал их для защиты своего проклятия от холода. Человек также использовал свои инструменты для строительства приютов. Именно производство материальных ценностей стало основой жизни в человеческом обществе.

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences.
1. If I wanted to lose weight, I __________more exercise.
A would take В will take C would have taken
2. You shouldn’t have driven so fast, if you __________to get a speeding ticket.
A wanted В hadn’t wanted C didn’t want
3. The teacher won’t let us do the exam unless we __________good enough to pass.
A were В are C would be
4. I wouldn’t wear that dress to go to that club if I __________you.
A ’m В were C would be
5. I don’t drink coffee if it __________lots of sugar in it.
A doesn’t have В didn’t have C wouldn’t have
6. If I am in England in August, I __________to your party.
A 㤓 come В ’d come C ’d have come
7. They wouldn’t have gone to prison if they __________the diamonds.
A hadn’t stolen В don’t steal C didn’t steal

Выберите правильный ответ для завершения предложений.
1. Если бы я хотел похудеть, я больше упражняюсь.
A возьмет, возьмет C, взял бы
2. Вам не следовало ехать так быстро, если вы __________ получите ускоренный билет.
Желаемый В не хотел, C не хотел
3. Учитель не даст нам сделать экзамен, если мы __________ достаточно хорошо пройти.
A были В, были бы
4. Я бы не носил это платье, чтобы пойти в этот клуб, если я __________ вас.
A ’m B были бы C
5. Я не пью кофе, если в нем ___________ количество сахара.
A не имеет В не было бы C не было бы
6. Если я в Англии в августе, я __________ вашей партии.
«Приезжайте», вы пришли
7. Они не попали бы в тюрьму, если бы они __________ алмазы.
A не украл, не воровал C не воровал