Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was born
in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was
poor and during his early education he was an average student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Louis was exposed
to science as a teenager, he knew
he had found
his calling.
In 1838, Louis went
to college to become a science teacher. He earned
degrees in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He then became
a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg.
While at university, he fell
in love with the daughter of the university’s
rector, Marie Laurent. He and Marie married in 1849. They had
five children, however, three died young from typhoid fever. It was
the deaths of his children that drove Louis to investigate infectious diseases in order to find
a cure.
During Pasteur’s
time, people believed
that microbes, such as bacteria, appeared
due to "spontaneous generation". They thought
that the bacteria just appeared
out of nowhere. Pasteur ran
experiments to see
if this was
true. Through his experiments he proved
that germs (i. e. bacteria) were living
things that came from other living things. They didn’t just spontaneously appear
. This was
a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the nickname the "Father of Germ Theory".
Pasteur used
his knowledge of germs to investigate
how beverages such as wine and milk were spoiled
by microbes such as bacteria and molds. He found
that heating
up the liquids would kill
most of the microbes and allow the beverages to last longer and be safer to drink. This process became
known as pasteurization and is still done on many foods such as milk, vinegar, wines, cheese, and juices.
As Pasteur learned
more and more about bacteria, he began
to think they may be
the cause of disease in humans. When the French silk market was threatened
by a disease to silkworms, Pasteur decided
to investigate. He discovered
that this disease was caused
by microbes. By eliminating
the microbes from the silkworm farms, he was
able to end the disease and save the French silk business.
Pasteur continued
to investigate with diseases. He found
that he could make
a weak form of a disease that would cause people to become immune to the stronger form of the disease. He called
this weak form a "vaccine". He first discovered
this by working
with cattle on the disease anthrax. The first vaccine he gave to a human was
the rabies vaccine. He administered
it to a nine-year-old boy named Joseph Meister in 1885.
Today Louis Pasteur is known
as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led
to an understanding of microbes and diseases that has helped to save millions and millions of lives.
Ответьте на вопросы:
Why did he decide
to investigate infectious diseases?
His children died

He was
a professor of chemistry
He was running
some experiments with bacteria
What is
"pasteurization"?
Pasteur’s
laboratory
Process
of heating beverages
Examination of bacteria
How did Pasteur save
the French silk business?
He invested
some money in it
He reduced
the amount of microbes on the farms
He investigated the cause of the disease
Who did he give his first vaccination to?
To himself
To animals
To a boy
What field were his main inventions in?
Mathematics, physics and chemistry
Science and business
Bacteria and diseases

Луи Пастер Луи Пастер родился 27 декабря 1822 года в Доле, Франция. Его семья была бедной, и во время его раннего образования он был средним учеником, который пользовался искусством и пением. Однако, когда Луис подвергался науке в подростковом возрасте, он знал он нашел свое призвание. В 1838 году Луис пошел в колледж, чтобы стать учителем науки. Он получил ученые степени в области математики, физики и химии. Затем он стал профессором химии в Страсбургском университете. В университете он влюбился в дочь ректора университета Мари Лорана. Он и Мари вышли замуж в 1849 году. У них было пятеро детей, однако трое умерли от тифа. Смерть его детей заставила Луис расследовать инфекционные заболевания, чтобы найти лекарство. Во времена Пастера люди полагали, что микробы, такие как бактерии, появились из-за спонтанного генерации, полагая, что бактерии просто появились из ниоткуда. Пастер экспериментировал, чтобы убедиться, что это правда. В своих экспериментах он доказал, что микробы (т. Е. Бактерии) живут вещи, которые исходили от других живых существ. Они не просто спонтанно появлялись. Это было важным открытием в изучении биологии и заработало Пастера как прозвище «Отец зародышевой теории». Пастер использовал свои знания о микробах, чтобы исследовать, как такие напитки, как вино и молоко, были испорчены микробами, такими как бактерий и плесени. Он обнаружил, что нагрев жидкостей убьет большинство микробов и позволит напиткам прослужить дольше и будет безопаснее пить. Его процесс стал известный как пастеризация, и все еще делается на многих продуктах, таких как молоко, уксус, вина, сыр и соки. Поскольку Пастер все больше узнавал о бактериях, он начал думать, что они могут быть причиной болезней у людей. Когда французскому шелковому рынку угрожала болезнь шелкопрядам, Пастер решил провести расследование. Он обнаружил, что это заболевание было вызвано микробами. Исключив микробы из ферм шелкопряда, он смог прекратить болезнь и спасти французский шелковый бизнес. Пастер продолжал расследовать заболевания. Он обнаружил, что он может сделать слабую форму болезни, которая заставит людей застраховаться от более сильной формы болезни. Он назвал эту слабую форму «вакциной». Он впервые обнаружил это, работая с крупным рогатым скотом на болезни сибирской язвы. Первой вакциной, которую он дал человеку, была вакцина против бешенства. Он вел его девятилетнему мальчику по имени Джозеф Майстер в 1885 году. Сегодня Луи Пастер известен как один из самых важных ученых в истории. Его открытия Пастер продолжал расследовать заболевания. Он обнаружил, что он может сделать слабую форму болезни, которая заставит людей застраховаться от более сильной формы болезни. Он назвал эту слабую форму «вакциной». Он впервые обнаружил это, работая с крупным рогатым скотом на болезни сибирской язвы. Первой вакциной, которую он дал человеку, была вакцина против бешенства. Он вел его девятилетнему мальчику по имени Джозеф Майстер в 1885 году. Сегодня Луи Пастер известен как один из самых важных ученых в истории. Его открытия Пастер продолжал расследовать заболевания. Он обнаружил, что он может сделать слабую форму болезни, которая заставит людей застраховаться от более сильной формы болезни. Он назвал эту слабую форму «вакциной». Он впервые обнаружил это, работая с крупным рогатым скотом на болезни сибирской язвы. К пониманию микробов и болезней, которые помогли спасти миллионы и миллионы жизней.

Make the following interrogative and nevasive
1. The meeting will begin at eight 2. They will be in Brussels the day after tomorrowork. 3. She will cook breakfast for us. 4. We shall start at dawn 5. The boy wI’ll be seven text year. 6. The place will take off in five minutes. 7. We shall climb the mountain next week. 8. I shall see you on Monday. 9. I’ll buy a camera next month. 10. They’ll tell us about it. 11. You will win on Saturday if you play like this. 12. The helicopter will take them to hospital. 13. I shall find an answer in a technology group thathat I contact.
*52
Put questions to the italicized words
1. Our friends will come to see us today. 2. They will arrive in some minutes. 3. His parents will be at home after six. 4. The peace talks will be held next month in Vienna. 5. Jack won’t go to the cinema because he is busy. 6. We’ll play chess this evending. 8. The plant will make agricultural machines

Make the following interrogative and nevasive
1. The meeting will begin at eight. The meeting will not begin at eight. Will the meeting begin at eight? 2. They will be in Brussels the day after tomorrow. They will not be in Brussels the day after tomorrow. Will they be in Brussels the day after tomorrow? 3. She will cook breakfast for us. She will not cook breakfast for us. Will she cook breakfast for us? 4. We shall start at dawn. We shall not start at dawn. Shall we start at dawn? 5. The boy will be seven years. The boy will not be seven years. Will the boy be seven years? 6. The plane will take off in five minutes. The plane will not take off in five minutes. Will the plane take off in five minutes? 7. We shall climb the mountain next week. We shall not climb the mountain next week. Shall we climb the mountain next week? 8. I shall see you on Monday. I shall not see you on Monday. Shall I see you on Monday? 9. I’ll buy a camera next month. I’ll not buy a camera next month. Shall I buy a camera next month? 10. They’ll tell us about it. They’ll not tell us about it. Will they tell us about it? 11. You will win on Saturday if you play like this. You will not win on Saturday if you play like this. Will you win on Saturday if you play like this? 12. The helicopter will take them to hospital. The helicopter will not take them to hospital. Will the helicopter take them to hospital? 13. I shall find an answer in a technology group that I contact. I shall not find an answer in a technology group that I contact. Shall I find an answer in a technology group that I contact?

Give the full answers to the following questions?
1. Do you have a computer?
2. How often do you surf the net?
3. What are your favorite websites?
4. Have you downloaded?
5. Have you ever done any online shopping?
6. What did you buy?
7. What do teen bloggers write about?
8. Why do they do it?

1 yes, i have a computer and it’s got quite up-to-date parameters.
2 i surf the net on a daily basis, checking email and texting with my friends on the social networks.
3 my favourite websites are vk. c0m, i signed for various groups there and pikаbu. ru where people post interesting articles and stories.
4 i used to download films but now I don’t do it since nowadays everyone can watch films online without downloading.
5 yes, i tried ones and i was quite satisfied with it.
6 i bought my phone and case for it from online shop.
7 usually, they write about recent news, events, new gadgets and sports.
8 they earn money by getting more and more subscribers and posting advertisments.

Questions
Where can tourists
1. see the Changing of the Guard?
2. see the "Prime Meridean"?
3. meet the Beefeaters?
4. see a large Christmas tree in winter?
5. visit the London Eye?
Answers
a) In the Tower of London.
b) In Trafalgar Square.
c) On the banks of the thames.
d) At Buckingham Palace.
e) In Greenwich

Вопросов
Где могут туристы
1. См. Изменение Стража?
2. Видят ли «премьер-меридиан»?
3. Имеете ли вы?
4. Вы можете увидеть большую рождественскую елку зимой?
5. Свидеть лондонский глаз?
ответы
a) В лондонском Тауэре.
б) На Трафальгарской площади.
в) На берегах Темзы.
г) В Букингемском дворце.
д) В Гринвиче

Ответ на вопрос, далеко ли находятся друг от друга гомель и гродно на англиском

Gomel - 1142 year Grodno - # Archaeological excavations show that the first Slavic settlements on the high bank of the Neman appeared in the X century. In the XII-XIII century. on the site of these settlements, the city that emerged was located at the intersection of trade routes and initially was a small fortress with a fortified trade town. It was from the words "to fence", "to protect", the name of the city occurred. # In 1391, the city was granted incomplete, and in 1496 - full Magdeburg law. The city acquires a master’s degree, and in 1540 its coat of arms - a depiction of a deer with a golden cross between horns, jumping over the fence ("St. Hubert’s Deer"),