Как правильно: I was forgot what he said. Irena was broke her arm. ИЛИ: I have forgotten what he said. Irena have broken her arm. И почему?

Второе потому-что это время показывает результат
1) I have forgotten what he said - Я забыла что он мне сказал - то есть время показывает что ты помнила об этом в прошлом и забыла и теперь ты не можешь ответить в настоящее время - то есть это действие дало тебе результат 
2) Irena has broken her arm - Ирена сломала свою руку - показывает что Ирена сломала руку в прошлом и теперь она не может делать определенные действия в настоящем - то есть это действие которое случилось с Иреной дала ей определенные помехи в настоящем времени
Надеюсь я нормально объяснила 
P. S. Это время называется Present Perfect

1. If you (to be) busy, l (to leave) you alone. 2. If l (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year 3. If he (to get) a ticket, he (to go) to the cinema 4. If we (to live) near the sea, we (to swim every day 5. If the father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together 6. If (to know) English well, I (to enter) the university 7. If my friend (to come) to see me, l (to be) very glad. 8. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a nice tea party 9. I (to get) a telegram from him, I (not to worry) 10. If he (to see) her, he (to tell her all the truth

1. If you (to be) busy, i (to have) you alone. 1 TYPE. IF YOU’RE BUSY, I WILL LEAVE YOU ALONE 2 TYPE. IF YOU WERE BUSY, I WOULD LEFT YOU ALONE 3 TYPE. IF YOU HAD BEEN BUSY, I WOULD HAVE LEFT YOU ALONE  2. If i (to have) in Moscow, i (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.  1 TYPE. IF I AM IN MOSCOW, I WILL VISIT THE TRETYAKOV GALLERY EVERY YEAR 2 TYPE. IF I WERE IN MOSCOW, I WOULD VISIT THE TRETYAKOV GALLERY EVERY YEAR 3 TYPE. IF I HAD BEEN IN MOSCOW, I WOULD HAVE VISITED THE TRETYAKOV GALLERY EVERY YEAR  3. If i (to get) a ticket, i (to go) to the Philharmonic. 1 TYPE. IF I GET A TICKET, I WILL GO TO THE PHILARMONIC 2 TYPE. IF I GOT A TICKET, I WOULD GO TO THE PHILARMONIC 3 TYPE. IF I HAD GOT A TICKET, I WOULD HAVE GONE TO THE PHILARMONIC  4. If i (to live) near a wood, i (to gather) a lot of mushrooms.  1 TYPE. IF I LIVE NEAR A WOOD, I WILL GATHER A LOT OF MUSHROOMS 2 TYPE. IF I LIVED NEAR A WOOD, I WOULD GATHER A LOT OF MUSHROOMS 3 TYPE. IF I HAD LIVED NEAR A WOOD, I WOULD HAVE GATHERED A LOT OF MUSHROOMS  5. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 1 TYPE. IF MY FATHER RETURNS EARLY, WE WILL WATCH TV TOGETHER. 2 TYPE. IF MY FATHER RETURNED EARLY, WE WOULD WATCH TV TOGETHER 3 TYPE. IF MY FATHER HAD RETURNED EARLY, WE WOULD HAVE WATCHED TV TOGETHER  6. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.  1 TYPE. IF SHE KNOWS ENGLISH, SHE WILL TRY TO ENTER THE UNIVERSITY 2 TYPE. IF SHE KNEW ENGLISH, SHE WOULD TRY TO ENTER THE UNIVERSITY 3 TYPE. IF SHE HAD KNOWN ENGLISH, SHE WOULD HAVE TRIED TO ENTER THE UNIVERSITY  7. If my friend (to come) to see me, i (to be) very glad.  1 TYPE. IF MY FRIEND COMES TO SEE ME, I WILL BE VERY GLAD 2 TYPE. IF MY FRIEND CAME TO SEE ME, I WOULD BE VERY GLAD 3 TYPE. IF MY FRIEND HAD COME TO SEE ME, I WOULD HAVE BEEN VERY GLAD  8. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice teaparty.  1 TYPE. IF MOTHER BUYS A CAKE, WE WILL HAVE A VERY NICE TEAPARTY 2 TYPE. IF MOTHER BOUGHT A CAKE, WE WOULD HAVE A VERY NICE TEAPARTY 3 TYPE. IF MOTHER HAD BOUGHT A CAKE, WE WOULD HAVE HAD A VERY NICE TEAPARTY  9. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry).  1 TYPE. IF WE RECEIVE A TELEGRAM FROM HIM, WE WILL NOT WORRY 2 TYPE. IF WE RECEIVED A TELEGRAM FROM HIM, WE WOULDN’T WORRY 3 TYPE. IF WE HAD RECEIVED A TELEGRAM FROM HIM, WE WOULD HAVEN’T WORRIED  10. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) at the examination.  1 TYPE. IF YOU DONT WORK SYSTEMATICALLY, YOU WILL FAIL THE EXAMINATION 2 TYPE. IF YOU DIDNT WORK SYSTEMATICALLY, YOU WOULD FAIL THE EXAMINATION 3 TYPE. IF YOU HADN’T WORKED SYSTEMATICALLY, YOU WOULD HAVE FAILED EXAMINATION

с английским Mind the use of the article "the".
Can you add more examples to each list?
Mountain groups: the Rockies, the Tyan-Shyan,
Oceans, seas, rivers: the Atlanic, the Kapchagai, the Seine.
Hotels: the "Hilton", the "Kazakhstan".
Museums and Galleries: the National Gallery, the British museum.
Countries: France, Kazakhstan.
States: Texas, Maryland.
Cities: Toronro, Astana.
Streets: Wall Street.
Lakes: Balkhash.

Mind the use of the article " the"
учитывайте использование артикля "the"
can you add more examples to each list?
Можете ли вы добавить больше примеров в каждый список?
moutain groups: the Rockies, fhe the Тectonic, the Volcanic, the Low.
горные группы: Скалистые горы, Тянь Шань, Тектонические горы, Вулканистые горы, Низкие горы
Oceans, seas, rivers: the Atlanic, the
Kapchagai, the Seine, the Volga, the Black sea,
океаны, моря, реки: Aтлантический океан, Капчигай, Seine( такого слова нет), Волга, Черное море
Hotels: the the "Kazakhstan", the "Tyan - Shyan," the " Alma"
гостиницы: "Hilton", " Казахстан", "Тянь-Шань", " Алма"
Museums and Galleries: the National Gallery, the British museum, ths museum of rare books.
музеи и галереи: Национальная галерея, Британский музей, музей редких книг.
Countries: France, Kazakhstan, America, Russia.
страны: Франция, Казахстан, Америка, Россия.
States: Texas, Maryland, California
штат: Техас, Марилэнд, Калифорния
Cities: Toronro, Astana, Almaty, Moscow.
города: Торонто, Астана, Алматы, Москва
Streets: Wall Street, Pushkinskaya
улицы: Уолт Стрит, Пушкинская
Lakes: Balkhash, Michigan, Ontario.
озера: Балхаш, Мичиган, Онтарио.

В каких случаях в Английском языке пишется was \ were

Was с местоимениями i; he; she; it
were в остоль. Случаях 

Для образования прошедшего времени.
Если подлежащие- в ед. Числе (I, he, she, it) или (кошка, 1 собака, Аня), то was
Если мнодественное число (they, we, you) или (кошки, собаки, деревья)-were
You- даже если "ты", т. Е. Один челрвек, всегда were

ПОСТАВЬТЕ В НУЖНУЮ ФОРМУ!
Sam went to the giant aquarium near his house at least three times a week. He liked the fish and crabs, but the most ____WONDER____ creatures there were sharks. Sam could watch them for hours. He took photos through the glass and collected ____INFORM_____ about them. It surprised him how fast a massive shark could be. Before the aquarium opened, Sam thought it was ___POSSIBLE____ for sharks to be so quick and graceful. He knew that sharks were _____DANGER____ but they seldom attacked people. Many people, however, had hunted them and sharks had become endangered. ____FORTUNATE___, now there were laws protecting sharks. In the future, Sam wanted to be a ____SCIENCE_____ and study sharks in the wild.

Sam went to the giant aquarium near his house at least three times a week. He liked the fish and crabs, but the most wonderful creatures there were sharks. Sam could watch them for hours. He took photos through the glass and collected information about them. It surprised him how fast a massive shark could be. Before the aquarium opened, Sam thought it was unpossible for sharks to be so quick and graceful. He knew that sharks were dangerous but they seldom attacked people. Many people, however, had hunted them and sharks had become endangered. Fortunate, now there were laws protecting sharks. In the future, Sam wanted to be a sciencist and study sharks in the wild.